The Value Of An Intermediate Data - 1115 Words

The value to be used for updating the estimated value has been chosen as 181 (the value of range of each subgroup) for the first iteration of the algorithm. The value of an intermediate data has been taken as the range of each subgroup/ number of subgroup (181/6 = 30.16). That intermediate value 30.16 has been chosen as a change in temperature for the second iteration of algorithm. For third iteration, the value (30.16/6) 5.02 has been considered as a change in temperature. Similarly for the next iteration the value has been chosen as (5.02/6) 0.83 and so on. The value encoding is considered as the data encoding and the (1/estimated error) of the data with the actual data is considered as a fitness function Step 2 The least square technique based on linear, exponential, asymptotic, curvilinear and logarithmic equations has been applied on the available data to produce the estimated data. The error analysis has been made to produce estimated error. It has been observed that average error based on least square technique based on linear equation has shown the minimum error (2.25%) as compared to the other models according to table 2. Therefore least square technique based linear equation has been chosen as the best known solution. Step 3 The updating of estimated data has been made based on the process of simulating annealing algorithm. Initially, in the simulating annealing algorithm, high temperature values have to be considered for the material and decrease in theShow MoreRelatedIntroduction Of Mapreduce Programming Model911 Words   |  4 PagesModel â€Å"MapReduce is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating large data sets with a parallel, distributed algorithm on a cluster† [1]. Before the introduction of MapReduce, biggest challenge in front of Google was processing large input data and distributed computations. There was no solution for parallelizing the computations, distributing the data, and handling failures. In order to solve these problems, Google introduced the concept of MapReduce for parallelRead MoreThe Basic Idea Of Hadoop1287 Words   |  6 Pagespartition problem. The Problem : Algorithms that are usually used to process data are relatively simple , compared to the amount of time it takes to finish execution. In order for the data processing task to finish in a reasonable amount of time, the task needs to be split into potentially thousands of machines in a cluster. To this account, Hadoop compute framework provides techniques to split data, forwarding these data and code to participating nodes in the cluster, checking node state to reactRead MoreAn Introduction To Big Data870 Words   |  4 PagesIV. OPPORTUNITY RELATED TO BIG DATA There are lots of opportunity associated to big data that help any organization to handle their large amount of data, like in financial sector it store data related to finance, healthcare sector it store health related patient records, doctors detail and medicine ,medical equipment related details . In retail sector it is also used [5]. Web/social media/mobile companies also use it for storing their user detail and data like their likes, search pattern, callingRead MoreCase Study : Mapreduce Programming Model1699 Words   |  7 Pageslarge amounts of raw data, such as crawled documents, PageRank, Web request logs, etc. Even though computations were conceptually straightforward, the input data was very large. Also computations had to be distributed across many machines to reduce the computation time. So there was a need to find a better solution. 2. PROGRAMMING MODEL Jeffrey Dean and Sanjay Ghemawat came up with the concept of MapReduce at Google in 2004. The main idea behind MapReduce is to map your data set into a collectionRead MoreEssay on Quality Associates864 Words   |  4 Pagesused to control manufacturing processes. In one case, a client provided Quality Associates with a sample of 800 observations that were taken during a time when the clients process was operating satisfactorily. The sample standard deviation for these data was .21, hence, the population standard deviation was assumed to be .21. Quality Associates then suggested that random samples of size 30 be taken periodically to monitor the process on an ongoing basis. By analyzing the new samples, the client couldRead MoreFischer Esterification652 Words   |  3 Pagescatalyst was used to make the reaction more favorable. Sulfuric acid easily donates a hydrogen ion to protonate the carbonyl oxygen in acetic acid, forming a stable intermediate with contributing resonance struc tures. The nucleophilic alcohol compound then simply attacks the electrophilic carbon in the intermediate. After, the intermediate undergoes tautomerism where a proton is shifted from the newly formed oxonium ion to the hydroxyl group, forming an activated complex. Overall, the reaction resultsRead More4. Probability Of Recurrence:. In The Present Study, Three1613 Words   |  7 Pagesrecurrence: In the present study, three stochastic models (Weibull, Gamma and Lognormal) have been used for the estimation of probability of earthquake recurrence in Gujarat region of India which was rocked by the great earthquake in 2001. The earthquake data of the region has only five recurrence intervals of earthquakes magnitude ≠¥ 6 for the period of study, from 1819 to 2001, and is listed in Table 1. The estimated mean, standard deviation and aperiodicity (equivalent to the coefficient of variation)Read MoreSpeeding Up N Means Algorithm By Gpus1662 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity of Florida Abstract-This paper gives a brief description of the above titled paper. Data clustering is one of the most widely used method for various applications. And parallelizing these time-consuming applications is of quite importance. This paper brings out an additional feature of handling input data of various dimensions and thus accordingly handle it. I. INTRODUCTION In the world of data clustering, K-means is one of the most extensively used algorithms. And the application areaRead MoreWhat Is Hadoop Data Analysis Technologies867 Words   |  4 Pageshuge demand to store, process and carefully study this large amount of data to make it usable. Hadoop is definitely the preferred framework to analyze the data of this magnitude. 4.1 Hadoop Data Analysis Technologies While Hadoop provides the ability to collect data on HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System), there are many applications available in the market (like MapReduce, Pig and Hive) that can be used to analyze the data. Let us first take a closer look at all three applications and then analyzeRead MoreIntervention Plans Can Impact Health Care In Many Ways,1321 Words   |  6 Pageseither patients, facilities, or both. Evaluation of an intervention plan is necessary to determine its effectiveness and the value of the intervention’s impact in healthcare. In congestive heart failure (CHF) patients engaged through a telehealth program, the effectiveness of the plan revolves around the intervention components. Identifying outcomes and tools to measure the data obtained through the intervention will assist advanced practice nurses (APN) in identifying which aspects of the intervention

History Internal Assessment- Great Depression - 1626 Words

A. Plan of Investigation [3 marks] How much of an influence was the Great Depression on international peace in the period of 1929-36? The Great Depression has always been a subject of interest and criticism among historians. The aim of my Internal Assessment is to find out the extent of the impact that the Great Depression on international peace in the period of 1929-36. I will research my investigation in some of the many books published about the Great Depression, and also including various Internet sources. In B, I will describe the origins of the Great Depression, write a brief account of each involved country’s strengths and weaknesses, and note the key events that took place. I will analyze my findings in D and come to a conclusion†¦show more content†¦This source is valuable because it provides a very balanced, objective account of the events surrounding the Great Depression including integrating quotes and rustic photos related to the topic. The only limitation is that while the authors talk ab out European history as a whole, they only talk about the Great Depression within 8 pages out of many. Also, as 3 different writers, we don’t know whose opinion is whose. Nardo, Don. The Great Depression (Turning Points in World History). Greenhaven Press (2000). Don Nardo, a renowned writer and historian, has written many books about American history. He is also the book editor of this publication. This book is compiled with various essays written by scholars regarding the Great Depression. Each essay relates to the next, and the book as a whole therefore aims to inform the reader of This source is valuable because it includes many accounts and viewpoints of several individuals, therefore the reader can see where the writer of the essay is basing their opinions on. One limitation is that since there are so many different viewpoints presented in this book, it may confuse the reader when it comes to searching for a definite answer. D. Analysis [6 marks] Along with Roosevelt’s New Deal and various projects, he attempted to restore international peace by implementing the Good Neighbor Policy. The Good Neighbor PolicyShow MoreRelatedTreatment Plan For Johns Depression1641 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment and relationships with family. It will explain the interview process, behavioral observations, level of depression, and angry. It will also exploring how John’s depression has led to his drinking problem and what form of treatment would be best suited to reach John’s goals of freeing himself of depression and anger, so he can live a happy life. Treatment Plan for John’s Depression John is a married man, who serves in the military service. It was Jon’s wife who encouraged John to seek counselingRead MoreThe Pregnancy Is A Time Of Growth And Hope1684 Words   |  7 Pagestime of growth and hope. Pregnancy is not only a biological event but also an adaptive process. This period is a time of physical and psychological preparation for birth and parenthood. Anxiety and depression in pregnant women is considered a health problem comparable in nature to postpartum depression. Music has been used for healing for hundreds of years. Some may say music maintains harmony between the mind, body and soul and is an effective therapeutic method within holistic or integrative medicineRead MoreA Short Note On Chronic Anxiety Disorder And Depression1407 Words   |  6 Pagesthat he couldn’t see, but because he felt it was the safer thing to do. Around this same time, two years ago, the Monday after Easter, Mr. Boyle had his first ever panic attack. He has since be en diagnosed as having general anxiety disorder and depression. He currently takes a benzodiazepine, and antidepressant, and buspione, but his anxiety persists. His anxiety manifests itself as a general nervousness and worry. Using the Stress and Coping Model we can look at Mr. Boyle’s case using a stressRead MoreThe Rise Of Fascism During Nazi Germany And Germany1623 Words   |  7 Pagesideology and policies or to resist them. In this assessment, you need to research the influence of the different individuals and organisations who either supported or resisted the Nazi Government. You will need to prepare a response to the question: â€Å"What was the impact of individuals/groups within Nazi Germany in supporting or challenging the Nazi regime?† You may present your response how you wish; however there is a word length of 750 words. Assessment Due Week 7 Term 1. If you are unable to meetRead MoreDiagnosing the Bipolar Disorders Essay1289 Words   |  6 Pagestry to kill themselves or engage in reckless behaviors depending on which stage they are in (Hassel et al 2009.). The stages a person with bipolar disorder goes through are called episodes. These episodes are classified into four groups: mania, depression, hypomania, and a mix between different moods. Mania is characterized by a period of increased energy and/or a feeling of euphoria. At this stage, people may feel out of control and delusional. Speech and thoughts may be distorted and sped up. PeopleRead MoreSidney Milkis Argues That. Fdr And His New Deal Coalition,1160 Words   |  5 Pagesunprecedented circumstances of a worldwide depression, the New Deal Coalition moved American Politics away from its traditional emphasis on self-reliance, private property, and decentralized power. Replacing tradition advocating a new â€Å"economic-constitutional executive order†. A new social contract where government guaranteed protection in individuals against the uncertainties of the economic marketplace. Although he theorists and scholars differ in their assessment of the successes and failures of theRead MorePerks Of Being A Wallflower1337 Words   |  6 PagesPerks of being a Wallflower is an American film written and directed by Stephen Chbosky and released in September 2012. The film is based on a background of a student, Charlie Kelmeckis, who from childhood setbacks has been suffering from depression. He has been discharged from an institution of mental health care to start adapting to the normal lifestyle as a high school student. Charlie Kelmeckis is uneasy starting his first year of school; he is very shy and finds it difficult to make friendsRead MoreWarren Edward Buffett : World s Most Successful Investor Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pageshis university degree in Business Administration from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, at the age of 19. In 1951, Buffett enrolled at Columbia University to pursue A Masters of Science in Economics. Buffett has also been recognized as one of the great thinkers in the world. His contributions to philanthropy can be attributed to his personality, not so common in many people of his caliber. In this respect, Buffett has severally written of his belief that his children will never inherit a substantialRead MoreEvaluation, Diagnosis, And Therapeutic Interventions1311 Words   |  6 Pagesgiven conditions or health problems. 2. Examination: The examination of the given case study includes the patient s all basic information such as age, occupation, work hours, physical demand, and medications. Also, the patient was asked about the history of pain, type of pain, and pain aggravating and relieving factors. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine was done to rule out the reason behind low back and buttock pain (Doubleday, Kulig, Landel, 2003). Evaluation: In the evaluationRead MoreThe Philosophical And Sociocultural Influences On Educational Theory And Practice958 Words   |  4 PagesThis history of education is robust in the number of philosophical and sociocultural influences on educational theory and practice. According to the Taking Sides text for ED833, â€Å"Historically, organized education has been initiated and instated to serve many purposes – spiritual salvation, political socialization, moral uplift, societal stability, social mobility, mental discipline, vocational efficiency, and social reform, among others.† The changes that take place in education are a directly

Airport and Cheap Air Travel free essay sample

The advantages and disadvantages of travelling by airplane As well as being very exciting, airplane travel really can be one of the most efficient ways to travel around the world. The availability of cheap air travel means that it is now easy for almost anyone to fly anywhere. We will now look at the advantages and disadvantages of air travel. The Pros of Travelling by Airplane. Nobody can doubt the fact that our lives have been changed by air travel. It is much faster to travel by plane; it is possible to cross to the other side of the world in less than a day. It is now possible to easily go to places that would previously been too far away for most of us to travel to. When you are looking for a safe way to travel from one place to another, air travel is near the top. It is now possible to get to destinations all over the world at very affordable prices because of the availability of cheap flights. We will write a custom essay sample on Airport and Cheap Air Travel or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Airplanes can be quite comfortable and this makes it a nice way to travel There are a number of disadvantages to travelling by plane these days even though it really has made a big difference to most people’s lives. Most airports will be situated on the outskirts of the city so once you get off the plane you will still have a bit of a journey before reaching your final destination. And when you take into consideration, the fact that you have to wait around in the airport before taking off, plane travel can sometimes end up taking you just as long as other types of travel, particularly internal flights. There are a lot of people who feel that the hassle involved with security checks on airplanes can be quite troublesome. You do not have nearly the same room for movement on a plane as you do on a train. Some economy sections of certain planes are quite crammed and there is very little room.

Much Ado About Nothing Essays (1168 words) - English-language Films

Much Ado About Nothing When watching the Branagh version of Much Ado About Nothing, I tended to realize lines had been omitted from the movie. I then got further into the movie and some of the lines that were ones that foreshadow what had happened in the text. The purpose of this paper will show that lines left out of the movie were in some way essential to character development and aided in the movie's plot confusion. The analysis took several watchings to create a vivid view of what lines were missing and why. So, as I was watching the movie I marked which lines were not spoken. This approximated to 1329. Wow! 1329 out of 2712 (give or take a few lines) were missing. Now I asked myself how is anyone going to get the full feel for this play, if there is 49% missing. Half an answer would be that the choices to leave out certain parts were to down play a character's attitude or behavior. Or I could be way off base, and producers could have wanted to just save time and money in producing, editing, etc. It is the first choice I would like to consider. When reviewing the lines left out, the first big chunk is in act 1 scene 1. Beatrice is describing Bene*censored*, "In our last con-/ flict four of his five wits went halting off, and now/ is the whole man governed with one;" (1.1,62). Which creates a dynamic that gives you a precursor to the rest of the play. This precursor being that Beatrice and Bene*censored* fight constantly, not like old friends, but old foes. The word choice that Beatrice gives in the opening of this play gives us that overall feeling that the two just do not see eye to eye. Hence, when they spar for the first time, 60 lines later, Beatrice seems a little more outspoken than is perceived, due to the omission of the lines. Bene*censored* comes off like a prince trying to defend himself. The lines make the sense of two friends giving each other a hard time, but the text gives them a sting. The omitted lines that help characterize the strength of words are needed for the sting to be apparent, which just lacks in the movie. The Branagh version showed lots of areas where Bene*censored* was coming off as doing nothing to spite anyone, which allowed Branagh to make Bene*censored* a better character than is portrayed in the text. The next major spot in the text that is omitted from the movie is all of act 1 scene 2. This was an unusual choice, because this is where Leonato is shown to know that his daughter has a suitor. The wrong name is given, but still is an edited moment of comedy that allows a reader to know what is going on in the text, and who knows what and how. The movie did not let you know that Leonato was indeed aware of a suitor until he says "Daughter, remember what I told you. If the/ Prince do solicit you in that kind, you know your/ answer."(2.1,65). When reading the text, this wrong information about the Prince being the suitor instead of Claudio being the suitor (the Prince just acting in Claudio's name), is revealed in the scene that is mentioned earlier. It would help to make the comic nature of these lines unfold, instead of the confusion that comes about when the movie has the viewer confused to the textual facts of what is happening. Also it is the first time that somebody overhears (notes) a conversation and gives out wrong information, but this is also omitted in the prior mentioned scene. Consequently when people start to spy, it looks uncommon for the movie, but the text gives the notions of spying from the start. The next major sets of lines that are not used in the movie are ones that foreshadow what is to happen in the rest of the play. Borachio has a set of lines in act2 scene3 that tell all about having Margaret in a chamber window having sex with Borachio using the name of Hero. The movie omitting these lines, makes Don John's plot of ruining the marriage unknown to all until later, but the deed doesn't come into full light on who was the perpetrator of this scheme till the conviction at the end of the play. This shows the confusion on who is involved with what. It

The Speech of Polly Baker Response free essay sample

Franklin using the voice of a woman strengthens his argument and enhances the story. Poly Baker Introduces herself as a, poor unhappy Woman (6). Automatically, readers form sympathy for Baker. Franklin paints her as a tired and hard working woman, who Is a provider for her children. Baker explains how she has cared for her children well, despite of not having a husbands help. She could have had raised her children better if it had not been for the heavy Charges and Fines she have paid (6). Because Baker has experienced the harsh punishments women had to endure for avian a bastard child, readers form an emotional bond toward her although she is a fictional character. If Franklin was to just have written a piece from his point of view on this subject it wouldnt of had as much influence. Baker describes how the consequences of having an illegitimate child have caused abortions and mothers have, their own trembling Hands in the Blood of their helpless Offspring (7). We will write a custom essay sample on The Speech of Polly Baker Response or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is a different pain for a mother to experience the death of their child.Baker speaking on this empathetic how harsh the punishments are that a other rather have their child to die. Franklin using Baker to express his thoughts was a smart way of connecting to readers emotions. In The Speech of Poly Baker, Benjamin Franklin creates Poly Baker, a character that everyone can respect. Franklin expressing himself through Baker makes the story more interesting and empowering. Baker having five illegitimate children and raised them without any help is tiring Baker was punished for birthing them, but she should have been honored because being a mother is a tough Job.

How to Do Logging in C# With Log4net

How to Do Logging in C# With Log4net When you write computer code in C#, its a good idea to include logging code. That way, when something goes wrong, you know where to start looking. The Java world has been doing this for years. You can use log4net for this purpose. It is part of  Apache log4j  2, a popular open-source logging framework. This isnt the only .NET logging framework; there are many. However, the Apache name is trusted and the original Java logging framework has been around for more than  15 years. Why Use a Log4net Logging Framework? When an application or server crashes, you are left wondering why. Was it a hardware failure, malware, maybe a Denial of Service attack, or some odd combination of keys that manages to bypass all your code checks? You just dont know. You need to find out why a crash occurred so it can be corrected. With logging enabled, you might be able to see  why it happened. Getting Started Download the log4net  file from the Apache log4net website. Verify the integrity of the downloaded files using the PGP signature or MD5 checksums. The checksums are not as strong indicators as the PGP signature. Using Log4net Log4net supports seven levels of logging from none to all in increasing priority. These are: OFFFATALERRORWARNINFODEBUGALL The higher levels include all the lower ones. When debugging, using DEBUG  shows all, but on production, you might only be interested in FATAL. This choice can be made at the component level programmatically or in an XML Config file. Loggers and Appenders For  flexibility, log4net uses loggers, appenders, and layouts. A logger is an object that controls logging and is an implementation of the ILog interface, which specifies five boolean methods: isDebugEnabled, IsInfoEnabled, IsWarnEnabled, IsErrorEnabled and IsFatalEnabled. It also specifies the five methods- Debug, Info, Warn, Error andFatal- along with overloads and five formatted string versions. You can see the full ILog interface in the log4net online manual. Loggers are assigned one of the levels but not ALL or OFF, only the other five. Appenders control where the logging goes. It can be into a database, to an in-memory buffer, to the console, to a remote host, to a text file with rolling logs, the Windows Event Log, or even to email via SMTP. There are 22  appenders in all, and they can be combined so you have plenty of choices. Appenders are appended (hence the name) to a logger. Appenders  filter events by matching substrings, event level, range of levels and start of the logger name. Layouts Finally, there are seven layouts that can be associated with an Appender. These control how the events message is logged and can include exception text, timestamp layouts, and XML elements. Configuring With XML Although configuring can be done programmatically, it can also be done with XML Config files. Why would you prefer config files over code changes? Simple, its far easier to have a support guy make a change to a config file than have to get a programmer to change code, test and redeploy a new version. So config files are the way to go. The simplest possible path is to add  App.config your project, as shown in  the example below: ?xml version1.0 encodingutf-8 ?configuration  Ã‚  configSections  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  section namelog4net typelog4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler,Log4net/  Ã‚  /configSections  Ã‚  log4net  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  root  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  level valueDEBUG/  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  appender-ref refLogFileAppender /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  /root  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  appender nameLogFileAppender typelog4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  file value log.txt/  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  appendToFile valuetrue /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  rollingStyle valueSize /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  maxSizeRollBackups value5 /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  maximumFileSize value10MB /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  staticLogFileName valuetrue /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  layout typelog4net.Layout.PatternLayout  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  conversionPattern value%d [%t] %-5p %c %m%n /  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  /layout  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  /appender  Ã‚  /log4net/configuration The log4net online documentation explains all the config file fields.   Having set up App.config, add using log4net and this line: [assembly: log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator(Watch true)] Plus the actual logger has to be fetched with a call to LogManager.GetLogger(...). The GetLogger is usually called with the typeof(class) that its used in, but this function call also fetches that: System.Reflection.MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType This example shows both in with one commented, so you can choose.   using log4net;[assembly: log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator(Watch true)]namespace gvmake{  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  class Program  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  {  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  private static readonly ILog log LogManager.GetLogger (System.Reflection.MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType) ;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  //private static readonly ILog log LogManager.GetLogger(typeof (Program)) ;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  static void Main(string[] args)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  {  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  log.Debug(Application Starting) ;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  }  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  }}

Paris Convention Bureau has to attract BMW for their new exhibition Research Paper

Paris Convention Bureau has to attract BMW for their new exhibition - Research Paper Example ventions and Exhibitions (MICE) form the prosperous sectors within the tourism industry with a rapid rate of growth compared to other sectors in tourism. It is widely known for its capability of drawing a large amount of revenues to a city or town either directly or indirectly (Girod, 2009). Taking the case of Paris, the Paris Convention and Visitors Bureau plays an important role in facilitating and marketing the city to potential visitors and tourists through its contribution to the MICE industry For instance, Paris city receives more than twenty seven million visitors annually. Visitors enjoy a unique culture, business and lifestyle as they learn the interesting history of France (Eibtm, 2014). Paris Convention and Visitors Bureau refer to a joint initiative established by the Paris Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Paris City Council. The bureau provides several MICE services that encourage visitors such as business people, Congressmen and tourists to Paris. First, the Paris Convention and Visitors Bureau welcome numerous visitors in different strategic points, in the busiest locations, in the Paris city (Prince, 2008). This makes visitors impressed by the warm welcome and encourages them to visit the city often. Secondly, the bureau enhances unity and cohesi on among service providers in Paris by bringing institutional and professional partners together to organize and plan for joint actions that improve the image of Paris as a good global tourism city. It represents Paris both at international and national levels. As an administrative body, the Paris Convention Bureau arranges for site inspections to improve services provided to visitors (Coffey, 2006). The bureau also gives incentives by planning and organizing journalists’ press visits in other countries across the world. This ensures that journalists promote Paris and its image appropriately. In most cases, the Paris Convention and Visitors Bureau represent Parisian tourism professionals’